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As Chile recovers from its latest natural disaster, on 22 May 2010 the country will commemorate a distinction that is most unfortunate for its people. It will be 50 years since the world’s largest recorded earthquake took place under the central region of this long, narrow South American country squeezed between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean.
Earliest reports from Associated Press and Chilean Television on Chile's 2010 earthquake were that buildings had collapsed in the capltal of Santiago, and there were many casualties. It struck in the same general region of the Nazca/South American fault as its bigger predecessor, and at a similar depth.
There are other volcanoes on the Ring of Fire that cast a shadow over larger human settlements. One of the greatest volcanic explosions of the last 5,000 years took place at the caldera that is now Lake Taupo in New Zealand’s North Island. In the year 180CE, some
The 9.5 magnitude earthquake that struck Chile on 22 May 1960 was centred 435 km south of the capital Santiago [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at the relatively shallow depth of 33 km. Most seriously affected was the city of Valdivia, where there were massive adjustments to the landscape. The level of Lake Riñihue rose a staggering 20 metres, and on the coast whole villages simply disappeared.
Read on
Earthquake Hits Chile, February 27, 2010
Top Ten Strongest Earthquakes in the World
World's Strongest Earthquake
1960 Earthquake in Chile
By midnight 28 February Associated Press was reporting at least 708 deaths, including five on an offshore island hit by the resulting tsunami. Ninety aftershocks struck the region in the 24 hours following the quake.
Chile’s 1960 earthquake cost many lives. It was impossible to learn the extent of casualties with any accuracy, so widespread was the destruction. What focussed the world’s attention on the disaster was the tsunami that followed. It coursed right across the Pacific, taking over 200 lives in Japan, Hawaii and the Phillipines. The tsunami reached New Zealand 12 hours after the earthquake, inundating the east coast with a wave up to 5.5 metres in some places.
Once again the major issue for the wider region was the potential destruction of tsunamis started by the earthquake. All around the Pacific [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], low lying ground was evacuated and ships taken out of harbours as a precaution against the tsunamis expected within 24 hours of the earthquake. Fortunately the tidal effects were not severe this time.
Part of the Pacific’s ‘Ring of Fire,' Chile sits squarely along the edge of the Nazca Plate to the west. The Nazca Plate is slowly subducting, moving under the South American Plate on which the continent and much of the South Atlantic Ocean lie. It is this tectonic force in action that make Chile so prone to large earthquakes.
Besides earthquake fault lines [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Ring of Fire’s other major natural features are the volcanoes that mark its path. The 1960 Chile earthquake was in fact followed closely by a major eruption of Cordón Caulle, south of Valdivia in the Andes. That volcano is situated in a sparsely populated area, and in the aftermath of the great quake it received relatively little attention.
Pacific Ring of Fire
Chile's 2010 Earthquake Toll
Ninety percent of the world’s earthquakes occur around the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire'. The majority of the world's biggest quakes can also be expected along its 40,000 km horseshoe shaped length. In 1964 the 9.2 magnitude Great Alaskan Earthquake struck, the biggest recorded in North American history. The city of Anchorage suffered considerable damage and 131 people died, the majority caught in the subsequent tsunamis.