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Childhood Obesity Causes
A report released late July of this year by the Trust for America's Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation showed that the number of obese and overweight children has now reached 30 percent in 30 states. This is a worrisome statistic, as it could predict a future riddled with weight-related complications such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer for these youths as they enter adulthood.
It’s easy to see how children’s eating habits have changed over the years. According to the Institute of Medicine's 2005 Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], soft drinks have replaced water and milk in many kids’ diets and now account for more than 10% of caloric intake, which is double the number in 1980. The food industry comes up yearly with a new high calorie beverage aimed at children and teens, such as sports drinks, fruit drinks, iced coffees [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], smoothies, and energy drinks. Research shows that a high intake of sugar-sweetened drinks is associated with an increased risk of obesity in children because of the significant extra calories the drinks provide to a child’s diet (Ludwig et al. 2001; Nicklas et al. 2005).
The causes of the rising childhood obesity trend are multifold. Common sense tells us that weight gain in general occurs when one consumes more calories than one burns through physical activity. Hence, with children spending more and more time watching television, playing video games, surfing the net and texting while ingesting increasingly large amounts of high calorie foods, the result cannot be otherwise than what we are seeing with this obesity trend.
School initiatives are important, but parents can also take an active role to help their children achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Here are a few actions that you can take to help children and adults maintain or achieve a healthy weight:
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Of course what children and teens choose to eat as snacks impacts their weight as well. The Institute of Medicine's Dietary reference intake demonstrated that at least 30% of the calories in an average child’s diet come from sweets, soft drinks, salty snacks and fast food. The overabundance of convenient, cheap, prepackaged junk food has helped influence what parents and children pick for school and after-school snacks. Clever packaging often makes a junk food appear healthy and the process of picking a healthy snack can be a daunting task.
Obesity Solutions
Reversing the trend of childhood obesity will require a multifaceted approach. Communities, schools, families, and government all have a role in curbing the unhealthy behaviors of children. Communities need to prioritize safe and easily accessible play space for children in the form of playgrounds but also recreational paths all family members can use. Access to healthy food via community gardens, healthy food stores and restaurants that offer healthier options are also important. Schools need to offer a nutrition education curriculum as well as develop regulations for bake sales, classroom celebrations, and breakfast and lunch menus. These interventions go hand-in-hand; teachers cannot discuss the importance of eating at least five servings of fruits and veggies only to have sweets and other junk foods as the only options for fund raising activities and celebrations.
Comparing snacks of 1996 to those of 1977, a research published in the Journal of Pediatrics found that the average size of snacks and calorie content remained about the same, but that the number of snacking occasions had increased significantly, raising the average daily energy from snacks. In other words, kids ate about the same size snacks as in 1977, but they ate snacks several times throughout the day and ingested more calories, thus contributing to weight gain (Jahns, L. et al. 2001).