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While bunions can greatly deform a foot, cosmetic reasons alone should not motivate bunion surgery. Conservative measures are usually recommended, and only after these have failed, is surgery considered. Conservative treatment of bunions includes: rest and elevation of feet; wearing properly fitting shoes with wide toe-boxes; orthotics; protective pads for bunions; warm soaks; and anti-inflammatory medications.
Bunions are progressive and the head of the big toe may move more and more towards the little toe, and even deform the foot to the point of making it difficult for a person to find fitting shoes. Additionally, bunion pain may progress to the point of interfering with normal life activities. According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, most bunion cases do not require surgery unless there is disabling pain or an underlying deformity.
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Choosing Bunion Surgery
Dealing with Bunions
Foot Pain
Moderate bunion surgery is the same as for a mild bunion, with the addition of the cutting (osteotomy) of the head of the metatarsal, which is the bone below the toe joint. This is done to shift the metatarsal bone [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and properly re-align it before fixing it with pins and screws. Recovery can take 4 to 6 weeks, and a short cast, plus crutches, may be needed.
Severe bunions require more complicated surgical treatment. In addition to cutting away bony excess on the outside of the base of the big toe, a wedge-like piece of bone is usually removed from the metatarsal bone. Then the bone is re-aligned and fixed with pins and screws. What’s more, with severe bunions, tendons and ligaments also need to be corrected. Sometimes the joint is beyond repair, and an artificial joint is needed. Recovery from severe bunion surgery can take 6 to 12 weeks. A short cast and crutches may be required during that time.
The purpose of bunion surgery is three-fold: to remove the bump, re-align the joint [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and reduce pain as much as possible. The surgical technique chosen for a bunion case depends on many factors, including the patient’s age, activity level, health, the strength of the bones [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the severity of the bunion. Regarding severity, bunions can be mild, moderate, or severe.
Also called hallux valgus, a bunion is a bony enlargement of the big toe joint, often accompanied by swelling and pain. In this foot deformity, the big toe points towards the little toe. Bunionectomy is the term used to describe the surgical removal of a bunion. It is often associated with an osteotomy, which is the cutting and repositioning of bone. More than 50 techniques of bunionectomy currently exist, named after the surgeons who created them.
Surgical Treatment Varies with Bunion Severity
Choosing Bunionectomy
Mild bunions are usually corrected by surgically shaving the bony excess on the outer side of the bones at the base of the big toe. All the muscles, tendons and ligaments that surround the toe joint are then re-aligned. While this would improve the appearance of the foot, the deformity that initially caused the bunion may not be corrected. Recovery from a mild bunion surgery can take 3 to 4 weeks, and a postoperative shoe is usually required.